Oleksandr Gindyuk?is determined?not to be caught off guard?if electricity supplies fail again?this winter. When Russia pounded?Ukraine’s power grid with widespread and repeated waves of airstrikes last year,?causing?massive?rolling?blackouts, his wife had just given birth to their second daughter.
“It was quite difficult,”? Gindyuk, who lives with his family?in the suburbs?of the capital,?Kyiv,?told CNN. “There is no life in our house if there is no electricity. Without electricity, we have no water, light?or heating.”
He has spent the summer preparing for Russia to?repeat?its strategy, which was designed to sow terror?and make life unsustainable, robbing Ukrainians of heat, water?and health services. “We are totally ready?— we have a diesel generator and a powerful 9 kWh battery. We are not scared, we are ready,” Gindyuk?told CNN.
As families like Gindyuk’s gird themselves?for the possibility of another dark winter, Ukraine has been rushing?to?rebuild and protect its fragile energy infrastructure.
The summer provided?a respite for Ukraine’s power grid. Russia focused its attacks on military targets and on ports on the Black Sea and the Danube River,?to hinder?Ukraine’s?efforts to move grain and?choke off an important income stream.
As the days grow shorter and the temperatures drop, Russia has another opportunity to try to break Ukrainian resilience with punishing blackouts.?But this winter, defense and energy officials say?Ukraine is better prepared.
With?limited Ukrainian?air defenses in?operation?last year, Russia was able to target and hit the energy grid easily. This time around,?the attacks will be harder for Russia to pull off, according to?the?deputy chief of Ukraine’s Defense Intelligence, Vadym Skibitsky.
“The Russians may use a combination of missile weapons and attack UAVs?(unmanned aerial vehicles, or drones). These will definitely not be such primitive attacks as last year.?It will be difficult for the Russians to achieve a result - we are also preparing and understanding how they act.”
DTEK, the country’s largest private energy?company, has spent the past seven months restoring infrastructure, trying to boost output?and bolstering?defenses?at its facilities across Ukraine.
“We restored what could be restored, bought back-up equipment?and installed?defenses?around power plants,” DTEK chief executive?Maxim Timchenko told CNN.
The company generates around a quarter of Ukraine’s electricity and runs 40% of its grid network, making it a prime target for Russian attacks.?Four DTEK employees?have been killed while on duty and its power stations have been attacked nearly 300?times since?the?start of the?full-scale?invasion, according to the company. “Last winter, determination carried us through. This winter we are?stronger,?and our people are more experienced,” Timchenko said.
Russia launched 1,200 attacks on Ukraine’s energy system between October?2022 and April?2023, with every thermal power and hydro-electric plant in the country sustaining?some damage, according to DTEK.
In a?damage assessment report?released in June, the United Nations Development Programme said that?Ukraine’s power generation capacity had?been reduced to about half?of what it was before Russia’s?full-scale?invasion. “Ukraine’s power system continues to operate in an emergency mode, which affects both power grids and generation,”?a news release accompanying?the report said.
The report also laid out a roadmap to rebuilding the energy sector, prioritizing decentralization, renewable energy sources and greater integration with the European Union.?Ukraine has been hooked into the EU’s power?grid?since?the full-scale invasion, allowing it to synchronize and trade power?with the bloc. But?the massive wave of attacks on energy infrastructure last winter?threw that balance off kilter.
Air defenses call
Much of the?current?focus remains?on protecting the existing infrastructure, rather than rebuilding.
Physical barriers have been erected around Ukraine’s high-voltage electricity transmission network, which is operated?by the national energy company?Ukrenergo?. “Our goal is to make Russian missile and drone attacks so inefficient that the enemy will give up on this idea,”?Ukrenergo?chairman?Volodymyr?Kudrytskyi?told CNN.
There has been an effort to protect critical buildings with?sandbags?and metal cages?to prevent damage from falling debris. Structures meant to protect against loitering munitions are?also?being constructed around some key?energy?equipment. But none of that can be a substitute for more air defense systems?—?a refrain that is?echoed at nearly every?echelon of government and across the energy industry.
“Of course, the key element for energy infrastructure protection is the air?defense,” said Kudrytskyi.
Ukrenergo?has?said it has?been able to fix some of the damage from last year and is ready to transmit?the increased volumes of electricity?needed for winter. “About half of the high-voltage grids were put out of operation after last season’s massive attacks. It takes months, and in some cases even years, to fully restore them,” Kudrytskyi?said, underlining the scale of the undertaking.
The company has also prepared equipment reserves, trained repair teams and dispatchers to cope with the aftermath of possible attacks?and?set up?back-up?power supply chains for consumers.
Buying up generators, batteries
Oleksandr Prokhorenko, the head of an electrical engineering company that installs energy storage systems across Ukraine,?has seen a significant rise in demand?as people?prepare for outages by turning to off-the-grid solutions.
Management companies for high-rise apartment?buildings?have bought generators and accumulators?— rechargeable, secondary?batteries — to keep water pumping?and elevators running. Businesses have upgraded to bigger generators that can keep the lights on for longer.
Hospitals have also been gearing up for power outages. According to the Ukrainian health ministry,?all hospitals with in-patient facilities have generators to keep life-saving equipment working but long outages could mean scaling back on care.
“People continue purchasing generators, portable power stations and accumulators for the winter,” Prokhorenko told CNN.
Kateryna Serzhan is one of those equipping herself for the months to come. She and her?two-year-old?daughter spent last winter in the Spanish city of Valencia?to avoid the power outages, but it meant?being apart?from her husband. This year she is determined to stay in Ukraine.
Serzhan said she?knows the risks and, having bought a heavy-duty rechargeable battery, feels prepared for the worst. “If this winter is dark and cold, we are ready. The most important?(thing)?is we will all be together as a family,” she told CNN. “I don’t want to give the Russians the opportunity to separate us again.”